Ancient Jewish writing beyond the Hebrew Bible

Jewish writings outside the Hebrew Bible, from the Second Temple period through late antiquity: history, philosophy, pseudepigrapha and mystical texts.

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Biblical Apocrypha and Deuterocanonical Books

Wisdom, history, stories and prayers found in expanded Christian Old Testaments and Apocrypha sections. Canons differ across traditions; editions identify their surviving ancient languages and English translations.

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Ancient Jewish writing beyond the Hebrew Bible texts

10+ Texts

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Jewish writings outside the Hebrew Bible, from the Second Temple period through late antiquity: history, philosophy, pseudepigrapha and mystical texts.

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1 Enoch 7 R. H. Charles translation (SPCK, 1917) · Wikisource Ge'ez (Ethiopic), John Rylands Ethiopic 23, chapters 1–71 · Online Critical Pseudepigrapha Greek, Codex Panopolitanus (Akhmim), chapters 1–32 · Online Critical Pseudepigrapha Greek, excerpts quoted by George Syncellus (about AD 800) · Online Critical Pseudepigrapha Greek, Chester Beatty–Michigan papyrus, chapters 97–107 · Online Critical Pseudepigrapha Greek fragments: Vatican Greek 1809 (89:42–49) and Oxyrhynchus Papyrus 2069 · Online Critical Pseudepigrapha Ge'ez (Ethiopic), Dillmann's edition (1851), chapters 72–108 · Beta maṣāḥǝft Written c. 300 BC – AD 1 · Aramaic fragments found 1952	Actual authors unknown; several hands over several centuries	Scripture and religious writing › Enoch and related writings
2 Enoch Written Late first century AD (debated)	Actual author unknown	Scripture and religious writing › Enoch and related writings
3 Enoch	Actual authors unknown	Scripture and religious writing › Enoch and related writings
Against Apion Written c. AD 94–100	Flavius Josephus
Antiquities of the Jews Completed AD 93–94	Flavius Josephus
Psalms of Solomon Written Mid first century BC	Author unknown; attributed to Solomon
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs Written Second century BC to second century AD	Presented as the last words of the twelve sons of Jacob; actual authors unknown, with Christian additions
The Life of Flavius Josephus Written c. AD 94–100	Flavius Josephus
The Wars of the Jews Written c. AD 75–79	Flavius Josephus
The Works of PhiloCatalogue record Written First half of the first century AD	Philo of Alexandria